Site Map for A History of Computer Communications: 1968 -1988

Last updated: 2009, May 21

Home Page for Site/ 2 pages

History of Computer Communications Home Page

Overview of A History of Computer Communications/ 3 pages

Overview Home

Overview Summaries

Overview Market Reseach

MarketResearch/ 17 pages

1. Computer Communication Revenues 1970-1988

2. Computer Terminal Sales 1968 - 1988

3. Computer Communications Market Pie Chart

4. Computer Communications Revenues Reconciliation

5. Product Categories Firms

6. Computer Communication Start-Ups

7. Timing Start-Up Financings

8. Computer Communications Consolidation

9. Income Statement Analysis

10. Balance Sheet Analysis

11. Financial History By IPO Year

12. Cash Use IPO Capital

13. Market Window and Organization Ecology

14. Entrepreneurial Profit

15. Forecasting Uncertainties

16. Dominant Design Examples

17. Synoptics 3-Com Analysis

MarketSectors/ 11 pages

Market Sectors Home

Explore By Market Sectors

Explore By Market Sectors: Data Communications

Explore By Market Sectors: Networking

Explore By Market Sectors: Internetworking

Data Communications Sector: Income Statements

Networking Sector: Income Statements

Networking Market Structure Analysis

Selection Pressures In Networking

Analysis: LAN v DPBX Innovation

Internetworking Sector Income Statements

Technologies/ 2 pages

Technologies: By Market Sector and Packet Switching

Products: By Market Sector

Individuals/ 2 pages

Individuals Interviewed Home

Individuals Interviewed: Alphabetically; From Data Communications, Networking and Internetworking Market Sectors

Art Carr/ 1 pages

Art Carr Interview

Donald Davies/ 1 pages

Donald Davis Interview

John Day/ 4 pages

John Day Home

John Day Interview

John Day Curriculum Vitae

"Death and Birth of Innovation in Networking" by John Day

H Jay Hill/ 1 pages

H Jay Hill Interview

PhilKaufman/ 1 pages

Phil Kaufman Interview

JCR Licklider/ 1 pages

J.C.R. Licklider Interview

LynchDan/ 2 pages

Dan Lynch Home

Dan Lynch Interview

MetcalfBob/ 1 pages

Bob Metcalfe Interview

SeverinoPaul/ 1 pages

Paul Severino Interview

StrassburgBernie/ 1 pages

Bernie Strassburg Interview

Organizations/ 6 pages

Organizations Home

Start-Up Organizations

Existing Organizations

Government Organizations

Non Governmental Organizations

Standards and Regulatory Organizations

Start-Ups: 3Com/ 3 pages

3Com Home

3Com Balance Sheet

3Com Summary Income Statements

Start-Ups: Codex/ 3 pages

Codex Home

Codex Income Statement

Codex Balance Sheet

Start-Ups: Micom/ 3 pages

Micom Home

Selected Balance Sheets 1978-1988

Micom Organizational Relationships

Start-Ups: NetworkEquipmentTechnologies/ 3 pages

Network Equipment Technologies

Network Balance Sheet

Net Income Statement

Start-Ups: Ungerman-Bass/ 3 pages

Ungerman-Bass

Ungerman-Bass Balance Sheet

Ungermann-Bass Income Statements

Start-Ups: Wellfleet/ 3 pages

WellFleet Home Page

WellFleet Balance Sheet

Wellfleet Income Statement

Book: Entrepreneurial Capitalism: A History of Computer Communications 1968 -1988, by James Pelkey/ 1 pages

HISTORY OF COMPUTER COMMUNICATIONS
Table of Contents

Introduction/ 9 pages

0.0 Introduction

0.1 Entrepreneurial Capitalism

1.2 From Ideas to Entrepreneurs to Adaptive Corporations

0.3 Firms constructing social networks as Populations

0.4 Three Revolutions in Computer Technologies and Corporate Usage 1968-1988

0.5 Institutional Change in Communications: Deregulation and Break-up of AT&T

0.6 A Brief Overview of Computer Communications 1968-1988

0.7 Author's Comments

0.8 Interviewees - Interview Date Information

Chapter 1: Data Communications: Emergence 1956-1968/ 12 pages

1.0 Overview

1.1 Beginnings of Modem Competition: Codex and Milgo 1956-1967

1.2 Carterfone, AT&T and the FCC 1948- 1967

1.3 The Remarkable Growth in the Use of Computers

1.4 The FCC and Computer Inquiry I 1966-1967

1.5 Codex and Milgo: Needing Money 1967-1968

1.6 Multiplexer Innovation: American Data Systems 1966-1968

1.7 Euphoric Markets and Venture Capital 1967-1968

1.8 Codex and Milgo Become Public Companies 1968

1.9 American Data Systems Off and Running 1968

1.10 Carterfone, Computer Inquiry I and Deregulation 1967-1968

1.11 In Perspective

Chapter 2: Networking: Vision and Packet Switching 1959-1968/ 11 pages

2.0 Overview

2.1 IntergalacticNetwork-1962-1964.html

2.2 The Seminal Experiment: 1965

2.3 Circuit Switching

2.4 Paul Baran - 1959-1965

2.5 Donald Davies-1965-1966

2.6 Packet Switching

2.7 Planning the Arpanet

2.8 The RFQ and Bidding: 1968

2.9 Bolt Beranek and Newman:The Winning Bid 1968

2.10 In Perspective

Chapter 3: Data Communications: Market Competition 1969-1972/ 15 pages

3.0 Overview

3.1 Entrepreneurism Flourishes 1968-1972

3.2 The Economic Roller Coaster 1969-1975

3.3 AT&T and Computer Inquiry I 1969

3.4 Codex Encounters Unexpected Problems 1969

3.5 ADS Has a Blockbuster 1969

3.6 Codex Turns Corner 1970

3.7 ADS Hits a Wall 1970

3.8 AT&T and Computer Inquiry I 1970-1971

3.9 Firms and Collective Behavior: The Creation of the IDCMA 1971

3.10 Codex and the 9600 1971

3.11 ADS Falls on Hard Times 1971-1972

3.12 Codex Passes a Milestone 1972

3.13 Data Communications 1972

3.14 In Perspective

Chapter 4: Networking: Arpanet 1969-1972/ 14 pages

4.0 Overview

4.1 The Communications Subnet: BBN 1969

4.2 Host-to-Host Software: The Network Working Group 1968-1969

4.3 Delivery First IMP to UCLA Sept 1969

4.4 IPTO Management Changes 1969

4.5 Host-to-Host Software 1970

4.6 Network Topology 1969-1970

4.7 Network Measurement Center 1969-1970

4.8 Early Surprises 1969-1970

4.9 Host-to-Host Software 1970-1971

4.10 ALOHANET and Norm Abramson 1966 - 1972

4.11 NPL Network and Donald Davies 1966 - 1971

4.12 ICCC Demonstration 1971-1972

4.13 In Perspective

Chapter 5: Data Communications: Market Order 1973-1979/ 14 pages

5.0 Data Communications: Market Order 1973-1979

5.1 Minicomputers, Distributed Data Processing and Microprocessors

5.2 The Justice Department: IBM and AT&T

5.3 Codex: LSI modems and Front-End Processors: 1973

5.4 Wesley Chu and the Statistical Multiplexer 1966-1975

5.5 Codex: The LSI Modem and Competition 1974-1975

5.6 ADS: Rebirth as Micom 1973-1976

5.7 CPE Certification and Computer Inquiry II

5.8 Codex: The Statistical Multiplexer and Competition 1975-1976

5.9 Modems, Multiplexers and Networks 1976-1978

5.10 Micom: The Statistical Multiplexer 1976-1978

5.11 Codex and Motorola 1977-1978

5.12 Micom: Meteoric Success and Competition 1978-1979

5.13 In Perspective

Chapter 6: Networking: Diffusion 1972-1979/ 15 pages

6.0 Overview

6.1 Commercializing Arpanet 1972 - 1975

6.2 Packet Radio and Robert Kahn: 1972-1974

6.3 CYCLADES Network and Louis Pouzin 1971 - 1972

6.4 Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) 1973-1976

6.5 A Proliferation of Communication Projects

6.6 Token Ring and David Farber, UC Irvine and the NSF 1969-1974

6.7 Ethernet and Robert Metcalfe and Xerox PARC 1971-1975

6.8 Massachusetts Institute of Technology 1974 - 1977

6.9 Metcalfe Joins the Systems Development Division of Xerox 1975-1978

6.10 Xerox Network System (XNS) 1977-1978

6.11 TCP to TCP/IP 1976 -1979

6.12 Open System Interconnection (OSI) 1975 - 1979

6.13 National Bureau of Standards and MITRE 1971-1979

6.14 In Perspective

Chapter 7: Networking: Emergence 1979-1981/ 20 pages

7.0 Overview

7.1 NBS and MITRE Workshop of January 1979

7.2 Prime Computers

7.3 The Workshop

7.4 Robert Metcalfe and Consulting 1979

7.5 MIT- The Laboratory of Computer Science

7.6 Digital Equipment Corporation

7.7 The NBS and MITRE Workshop of May 1979

7.8 Zilog

7.9 The Symposium

7.10 The Return of Venture Capital

7.11 Robert Metcalfe and the Founding of 3Com

7.12 Robert Pliner and the Founding of Sytek

7.13 Ralph Ungermann and Charlie Bass and the Founding of Ungermann-Bass

7.14 Micom: The DataPBX and IPO 1978-1981

7.15 Codex: The DataPBX 1978-1981

7.16 Sytek: A Broadband Network and Needing Cash

7.17 Ungermann-Bass: Xerox, Broadband and Needing a Chip

7.18 3Com: Product Strategy and Waiting for a PC

7.19 In Perspective

Chapter 8: Networking: Market Competition 1981-1983/ 36 pages

8.0 Overview

8.1 EmergingLANCompetition-1981

8.2 Interlan

8.3 Bridge Communications

8.4 Proteon

8.5 Concord Data Systems

8.6 The Office of the Future, the PBX to CBX, and AT&T

8.7 IBM, PC IBM Token Ring LAN 1981-1982

8.8 3Com, Ungermann-Bass, and Sytek 1981

8.9 3Com

8.10 Ungerman Bass

8.11 Sytek

8.12 Data Communication Competitors 1981-1982

8.13 Micom

8.14 Codex

8.15 Other Data Communication Competitors

8.16 Early LAN Competitors 1982

8.17 Interlan

8.18 Bridge Communications

8.19 Concord Data Systems

8.20 Second Wave LAN Competition 1982

8.21 Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC)

8.22 Excelan

8.23 Communications Machinery Corporation (CMC)

8.24 General Electric

8.25 Settlement of AT&T and IBM Anti-Trust Lawsuits

8.26 AT&T Settlement, January 1982

8.27 AT&T Introduces CBX's and LAN's

8.28 AT&T, CBXs and LANs Into 1984

8.29 Does IBM Need Both LANs and PBX's?

8.30 3Com, Ungermann Bass and Sytek 1982

8.31 3Com

8.32 Ungermann Bass

8.33 Sytek

8.34 Ethernet Chips, Boundless Hope, Market Confusion

8.35 InPerspective

Chapter 9: Standards: An Enabling Institution 1979 -1984/ 13 pages

9.0 Overview

9.1 Standards Making and the OSI Reference Model

9.2 IEEE Committee 802-1979-1980

9.3 DIX (Digital Equipment Corporation, Intel, and Xerox): 1979 - 1980

9.4 IEEE Committee 802 and DIX: 1980 - 1981

9.5 ISO/OSI (Open Systems Interconnection): 1979 - 1980

9.6 TCP/IP and XNS: 1979-1980

9.7 ISO/OSI (Open Systems Interconnection): 1981- 1982

9.8 TCP/IP and XNS 1981 - 1983

9.9 IEEE Committee 802: 1981 - 1982

9.10 ISO/OSI (Open Systems Interconnection): 1982 - 1983

9.11 The Emergence of Technological Order: 1983 - 1984

9.12 In Perspective

Chapter 10: Networking: Market Order - LANs 1983-1986/ 33 pages

10.0 Overview

10.1 Alex Brown & Sons Conference: March 1983

10.2 3ComUngermann-BassSytek83â84

10.3 3Com

10.4 Ungermann-Bass

10.5 Sytek

10.6 EarlyLANCompetitors83â84

10.7 Interlan

10.8 BridgeCommunications

10.9 Concord Data Systems

10.10 SecondWaveLANCompetitors 1983 - 1984

10.11 Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC)

10.12 Excelan

10.14 Codex

10.15 Micom

10.16 New Data PBX Competitors

10.17 State Of Competition 1985

10.18 3Com, Ungermann-Bass, Sytek 1985–1986

10.19 3Com

10.20 Ungermann-Bass

10.21 Sytek

10.22 Early LAN Competitors 1985-1986

10.23 Interlan

10.24 Bridge Communications

10.25 Concord Data Systems

10.26 Second Wave Of LAN Competitors 1985-1986

10.27 Excelan

10.28 Communications Machinery Corporation

10.29 Data Communication Competitors 1985-1986

10.30 Codex

10.31 Micom-Interlan

10.32 In Perspective

Chapter 11: Data Communications: WANs 1979-1986/ 32 pages

11.0 Overview

11.1 The Revolution of Digital Transmission 1982-1984

11.2 AT&T and the T-1 Tariffs 1982-1984

11.3 The T-1 Multiplexer

11.4 Beginnings“Be Your Own Bell

11.5 Data Communications: First Signs of Digital Networks 1982-1985

11.6 General DataComm

11.7 Timeplex

11.8 Codex

11.9 Micom

11.10 Digital Communication Associates

11.11 Other Data Communication Firms

11.12 TymnetAndCaravanProject–1982

11.13 Entrepreneurs: The T-1 Start-Ups 1982-1985

11.14 Network Equipment Technologies

11.15 Cohesive Networks

11.16 Network Switching Systems

11.17 Spectrum Digital

11.18 Market Analysis: Samples of Expert’s Opinions 1984-1987

11.19 The Yankee Group

11.20 Datapro Research

11.21 Alex. Brown & Sons

11.22 Salomon Brothers Inc.

11.23 T-1 Multiplexer OEM Relationships - 1985

11.24 Data Communication: Wide Area Networks 1985-1988

11.25 Digital Communication Associates

11.26 Network Equipment Technologies

11.27 Codex

11.28 Micom

11.29 Timeplex

11.30 Other Data Communication Firms

11.31 In Perspective

Chapter 12: Internetworking: LANs over WANs 1983-1988/ 1 page

12-Overview

GeneralInformation/ 5 pages

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